A 3D map of the human genome at kilobase resolution reveals principles of chromatin looping.

Abstract

We use in situ Hi-C to probe the 3D architecture of genomes, constructing haploid and diploid maps of nine cell types. The densest, in human lymphoblastoid cells, contains 4.9 billion contacts, achieving 1 kb resolution. We find that genomes are partitioned into contact domains (median length, 185 kb), which are associated with distinct patterns of histone marks and segregate into six subcompartments. We identify approximately 10,000 loops. These loops frequently link promoters and enhancers, correlate with gene activation, and show conservation across cell types and species. Loop anchors typically occur at domain boundaries and bind CTCF. CTCF sites at loop anchors occur predominantly (>90%) in a convergent orientation, with the asymmetric motifs "facing" one another. The inactive X chromosome splits into two massive domains and contains large loops anchored at CTCF-binding repeats.

Authors

Rao SS  •  Huntley MH  •  Durand NC  •  Stamenova EK  •  Bochkov ID  •  Robinson JT  •  Sanborn AL  •  Machol I  •  Omer AD  •  Lander ES  •  Aiden EL

Link

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25497547